Early colonization of Populus wood by saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera)
نویسندگان
چکیده
The early colonization of newly created coarse woody material (CWM) by beetles was studied in aspen mixedwood forests at two locations in north-central Alberta. Healthy trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees, in old (>100 years) and mature (40–80 years) stands, were cut to provide three types of CWM: stumps, bolts on the ground (logs), and bolts suspended above the ground to simulate snags. Over 2 years, 1049 Coleoptera, representing 49 taxa, were collected. Faunal structure differed little between the two locations. Species diversity was higher in old than in mature stands, and higher in stumps and logs than in suspended bolts; however, these “snags” tended to have higher abundance when compared with stumps and logs. Overall beetle abundance and the catch of wood-boring beetles was significantly higher in the first year post-treatment, mainly because of the ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron retusum (LeConte)) and one of its predators, Rhizophagus remotus LeConte; however, beetle diversity was higher in the second year, suggesting that early wood-boring species may “precondition” the wood for a number of succeeding species. The high turnover rate of taxa and spatial or temporal variation in faunal structure suggests that effort focused on habitat classification of CWM will facilitate management to conserve saproxylic faunal diversity. Résumé : La colonisation initiale, par les coléoptères, de débris ligneux grossiers fraîchement produits a été étudiée sur deux sites dans des forêts mixtes dominées par le peuplier faux-tremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.) et situées dans le centre-nord de l’Alberta. Des tiges saines de peuplier faux-tremble ont été abattues et débitées dans de vieux peuplements (>100 ans) et dans des peuplements matures (40–80 ans), de façon à créer trois types de débris ligneux grossiers : des souches, des billes au sol (billots) et des billes suspendues au-dessus du sol pour simuler des chicots. Plus de 1049 coléoptères appartenant à 49 taxa ont été récoltés au cours d’une période de 2 ans. La structure faunique des deux sites différait très peu. La diversité des espèces était plus grande dans les vieux peuplements que dans les peuplements matures, et plus grande dans les souches et les billots que dans les billes suspendues. Cependant, ces dernières tendaient à présenter une abondance plus élevée que les souches et les billots. L’abondance globale des coléoptères et les captures de perceurs de l’écorce étaient significativement plus élevées au cours de la première année après le traitement, surtout à cause du scolyte d’Ambrosie, (Trypodendron retusum (LeConte)), et de l’un de ses prédateurs, Rhizophagus remotus LeConte. Cependant, la diversité des coléoptères était plus élevée au cours de la deuxième année, ce qui suggère que les espèces les plus hâtives de perceurs de l’écorce pourraient préparer le bois pour plusieurs des espèces qui viennent par la suite. Le taux de rotation élevé des taxa et la variation spatio-temporelle de la structure faunique suggèrent que des efforts consentis à la classification des habitats que procurent les débris ligneux grossiers pourraient faciliter l’aménagement visant à conserver la diversité de la faune qui se développe sur le bois mort. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hammond et al. 1183
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